PSG has now won the prestigious cup on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
Yet, Marseille struck two times late to take a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.